4Most Innovations: Stinging Insects

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April 29, 2013

By Kim Schultz, Owner

The first step for wasp elimination is to understand the differences among the various species. The two most common wasps in North America are yellowjackets (in the genera Vespula and Dolichovespula) and paper wasps (Polistes spp.). They are both considered to be a social species, so keep in mind where there is one, there are probably many. Paper wasp nests range from 10 to 250 inhabitants; yellowjacket nests range from 50 to several 1,000.

The colonies of both species usually consist of several tiers: the queen, who lays the eggs; female workers, which tend the nest and get food; and male drone wasps. The queen can live for several seasons and hibernates over the winter. The females will live for a single season, and the male drones only live for a few weeks. Only the female wasps can actually sting you. They become increasingly aggressive later in the season as food becomes scarce.

Paper wasps build nests constructed from a mixture of chewed wood and saliva that look similar to gray paper. The nest consists of multiple cells, and resembles an umbrella hanging from a single stem. Paper wasps commonly build nests in small openings and overhangs. The nests are commonly found under roof eaves, over doorways, in play sets, under decks, and in shrubs.

Paper wasps are less aggressive than yellowjackets, but will still actively defend their nests if they feel threatened. If you stumble upon a paper wasp nest by accident, slowly back away without making any sudden moves. Paper wasps will generally not pursue a threat very far.

There are two common types of yellowjacket nests, depending on the species. One type builds a nest that looks like a gray paper bag roughly the size a human head, with a 0.5- to 2-in. hole near the bottom. The hole serves as the entrance and exit point. These are commonly found in trees. The other type builds their nests underground or in dead trees.

Yellowjacket ground nests usually have multiple openings and can be difficult to see. Yellowjackets are very aggressive and will vigorously defend their nests. If you stumble upon one of these nests, it’s best to get away as fast as possible. Yellowjackets could pursue a threat for several hundred feet.

Underground yellowjacket nests can also be very dangerous and are commonly found while cutting grass. The sound and proximity of the lawn mower can agitate the insects, and put them on the offensive.

Paper wasps and yellowjackets do have a beneficial purpose in nature by feeding on insects and caterpillars that destroy plants. However, if it necessary to get rid of them, the best way is to use a wasp and hornet spray or boric acid dust. Wasp and hornet spray should be used after dusk when the wasps are in their nest. For boring wasps, thoroughly cover the entrance holes with boric acid. The wasps will carry the dust into the nests on their legs and eventually kill the colony. In either case, it is best to use a method that will keep you as far away from the chemicals and the agitated wasps (such as with an extension pole).

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