Prevent pesticide resistance with a smart strategy

Be mindful of the potential for resistance at every account. Otherwise, you might be rolling the dice. (Photo: SteveGreen1953 / iStock / Getty Images Plus / Getty Images)

Insecticide resistance is an increasing challenge in pest management. When local insect populations develop resistance, previously effective insecticides lose efficacy, leading to persistent pest problems and potential economic losses. Understanding the mechanisms behind insecticide resistance is crucial for developing strategies to combat it. By staying informed and proactive, we can maintain the effectiveness of insecticides and protect environments from resilient pests.

Insecticide resistance mechanisms

Insecticide resistance happens when the local insect population becomes less sensitive to a specific insecticide. A sign that this may be occurring would be that an insecticide that previously worked suddenly becomes less effective, even when used properly according to its label. The four most prevalent mechanisms of insecticide resistance are:

• Metabolic resistance is the most common form of resistance, where resistant insects are able to rid their bodies of the active ingredient (AI) more quickly than susceptible insects. This may leave them resistant to multiple forms of insecticides, even ones to which they were not previously exposed.
• Altered target-site resistance is the second-most common form of resistance. This occurs when the site where the AI usually binds becomes modified to reduce its effects.
• Behavioral resistance occurs when insects start to avoid the AI, leaving the area or no longer feeding if they detect a certain AI.
• Penetration resistance affects how well the AI can target the insects. In this instance, the insect’s outer cuticle develops barriers that can slow the absorption of the chemicals and protect them from a range of insecticides.

Strategize to minimize risk

Fixing insecticide resistance after it’s occurred can be challenging, so avoiding it is key. Here are three straightforward ways to help avoid insecticide resistance:

1. Monitoring and identification. Monitor the pests in your area to scout the population development in the field and determine if and when control measures will be needed. If you can use a form of population control other than a pesticide, the insect population won’t grow resistant as quickly. Should you require pesticide, continue to monitor the insect population following application. Determine if there are signs of resistance, such as continued sightings or pest damage.
2. Materials rotation. While some insecticide resistance mechanisms will make insects resistant to multiple forms of insecticide, rotating what types of products you use can help delay resistance development. Resistance occurs when an insect population can grow accustomed to an AI, so taking steps to ensure they can’t will help you stay ahead of resistance.
3. Best practices for application. Insecticides are most effective when used at the proper dosage and with the proper techniques. Behavioral resistance, for example, can mean an insect moves to the unsprayed underside of a leaf, so proper application can ensure that that isn’t possible. The proper dosage and timing of applications can maximize their effectiveness, thus meaning the difference between eradication and resistance.

Managing insecticide resistance requires a proactive approach that includes regular monitoring, strategic use of insecticides, and adherence to proper application techniques. Avoiding resistance is far easier than overcoming it, so staying vigilant and adapting practices to minimize the risk are essential. Through diligent monitoring, rotating insecticides, and practicing good application techniques, we can stay ahead of resistance and ensure the continued effectiveness of our pest control measures.